In the spirit of British imperialists of the past, Brzezinski refers to the strategic division of Eurasia as the setting for "the game", identifying regional players to be dealt with as play progresses.
This regional division he felt was necessary, in order to identify the relevant areas where American hegemonic muscle could be appropriately flexed to further dominance across the board. The very scale and diversity of Eurasia, as well as the power of some of its states, limits the depth of American influence and the scope of control over the course of events. The mega continent is just too large, too populous, culturally too varied, and composed of too many historically ambitious and politically energetic states to be compliant toward even the most economically successful and politically preeminent global power.
This condition places a premium on strategic skill, on the careful, selective, and very deliberate deployment of America's resources on the huge Eurasian chessboard. Brzezinski stresses that careful consideration of such a theory is not merely a regional concern in terms of geopolitics, but that the theory has global implications, with "preponderance over the entire Eurasian continent serving as the central basis for global primacy. The author believed going forward that strategically dynamic states should be identified in regard to their sympathies to U.
S interests and their "catalytic effects" on "more active geostrategic players or on regional conditions. S strategy through such proxy influence. He termed these identified dynamic states as geographical pivots, emphasising five key states as such; Ukraine, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Turkey, and Iran. An example of exploiting a geopolitical pivot, that has clearly come to fruition since Brzezinski published his text in is the destabilisation of Ukraine, to contain through proxy control the potential hegemonic resurgence of Russia.
Brzezinski outlined this strategic objective clearly in the "Grand Chessboard. S regional strategic interests than the emergence of geopolitical power in the guise of an authoritative Islamic regional hegemon.
By exploiting religious hostility to the American way of life and taking advantage of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Islamic fundamentalism could undermine several pro-Western Middle Eastern governments and eventually jeopardize American regional interests, especially in the Persian Gulf. However, without political cohesion and in the absence of a single genuinely powerful Islamic state, a challenge from Islamic fundamentalism would lack a geopolitical core and would thus be more likely to express itself through diffuse violence.
S relationship with the European Union. This was seen as necessary in order to capitalise on an eventual Polish entry into the EU, followed by bringing Ukraine and other Eastern European states into the union with the hopes of enticing Russia to ultimately join the power block. He envisaged a vision of Europe's strategic military security resting on extending NATO membership to Poland and Ukraine, creating a critical core power block, stretching from France through Germany into Poland and then Ukraine to shore up American military interests in Eurasia.
S bridgehead on the Eurasian continent so that an enlarging Europe can become a more viable springboard for projecting into Eurasia the international democratic and cooperative order. R the former Soviet bloc went through a rapid transition into the C. S Commonwealth of Independent States. During this period in the early s the policy of "near abroad" aimed at building Russian influence among its now independent former vassal states, revealed that Moscow was now, out of necessity, thinking geopolitically instead of ideologically.
Its geopolitical content had imperial overtones. S influence, a strategic alliance during this period between the U. S and the now emerging Russian Federation, aimed at giving the illusion of a partnership beneficial to Russian interests, but in reality it was keeping them in check.
When relating to any potential Russian aspirations to regional hegemony, Brzezinski's distrust of and bias is betrayed by his choice of language in "The Grand Chessboard. Nor is the EU the successor to a national empire, with the liberated members deeply suspicious that "integration" is a code word for renewed subordination.
Eurasianism is intrinsically linked with historical Russian identity, and after it found that it could flourish without the dominant Soviet ideology to oppose it.
It first surfaced in the nineteenth century but became more pervasive in the twentieth, as an articulate alternative to Soviet communism and as a reaction to the alleged decadence of the West. The political and economic stabilization of the new post- Soviet states is a major factor in necessitating Russia's historical self- redefinition. Among these states, three are geopolitcally important: Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine.
The areas resource richness and geographical position represents an area of mutual interest for multiple regional players, so an unnecessary descent into sectarian violence, a favourite staple of U.
S foreign policy, was observed to have little benefit by Brzezinski in Brzezinski also pays close attention to the growing emergence of China as a "world power of the first rank", and spends the penultimate chapter of the book analysing the role that Japan continues to play in keeping American interests relevant, in what he hoped was to become a "stable but politically pluralistic Eurasia". Much of his projected strategy depended on better power relationships with China, hoping to use its influence as an American "Far Eastern Anchor" in dominating Eurasia.
However, Brzezinski had no vision of a retraction in U. S military reach the Korean peninsula in the possibility of a unified Korea. Such a move would expose any American military presence in South Korea for what it really represents, a strategic latency to monitor China under the guise of keeping the DPRK in check.
Any resulting retraction in scope of U. S military reach in the Far East would in turn make the maintenance of a stable Eurasian balance of power more difficult. In this respect Brzezinski felt that U. S hegemony represented the last incarnation of a sole global nation state power, acting in the classical sense of an Empire. Hence, America is not only the first, as well as the only, truly global superpower, but it is also likely to be the very last.
Whilst one might not agree with Brzezinski's extremely "globalist" worldview, his book is a useful asset to understanding the strategic thinking of such a perspective and its impact on contemporary statesmanship and diplomacy. By Babafemi Smith. By Tugce Varol. Download PDF. Everything is explained progressively and in plain English.
You can read it by clicking anyplace in the table of contents below. Read as many books as you like Personal use and Join Over We cannot guarantee that every book is in the library. While chessboard-style competitive relationships still exist—U.
We must learn to understand, shape, and build on those connections. Concise and accessible, based on real-world situations, on a lucid understanding of network science, and on a clear taxonomy of strategies, this will be a go-to resource for anyone looking for a new way to think about strategy in politics or business.
Shultz, Jim Hoagland, and James Timbie present views from some of the country's top experts in the sciences, humanities, and military that scrutinize the rise of post-millennium technologies in today's global society.
They contemplate both the benefits and peril carried by the unprecedented speed of these innovations—from genetic editing, which enables us new ways to control infectious diseases, to social media, whose ubiquitous global connections threaten the function of democracies across the world. Some techniques, like the advent of machine learning, have enabled engineers to create systems that will make us more productive.
For example, self-driving vehicles promise to make trucking safer, faster, and cheaper. However, using big data and artificial intelligence to automate complex tasks also ends up threatening to disrupt both routine professions like taxi driving and cognitive work by accountants, radiologists, lawyers, and even computer programmers themselves.
How globalized information networks can be used for strategic advantage Until recently, globalization was viewed, on balance, as an inherently good thing that would benefit people and societies nearly everywhere.
The book addresses such questions as: What areas of the global economy are most vulnerable to unilateral control of information and financial networks? How sustainable is the use of weaponized interdependence? What are the possible responses from targeted actors? And how sustainable is the open global economy if weaponized interdependence becomes a default tool for managing international relations?
An analysis of the role of the interplay between formality and informality in shaping the current state of international law. Transforming Climate Finance and Green Investment with Blockchains establishes and analyzes the connection between this revolutionary technology and global efforts to combat climate change. The benefits of blockchain come through various profound alterations, such as the adoption of smart contracts that are set to redefine governance and regulatory structures and transaction systems in coming decades.
Each chapter contains a problem statement that describes the challenges blockchain technology can address. The book brings together original visions and insights from global members of the Blockchain Climate Institute, comprising thought leaders, financial professionals, international development practitioners, technology entrepreneurs, and more. This book will help readers understand blockchain technology and how it can facilitate the implementation of the Paris Agreement and accelerate the global transition to a green economy.
Provides an authoritative examination of this emerging digital technology and its implications on global climate change governance Includes detailed proposals and thorough discussions of implementation issues that are specific to green economy sectors Relates innovative proposals to existing applications to demonstrate the value add of blockchain technology Covers blockchain for the smarter energy sector, for fraud-free emissions management, to streamline climate investments, and legal frameworks for blockchain-based climate finance.
The New York Times bestseller 'Silicon Valley needed a history lesson and Ferguson has provided it' Eric Schmidt What if everything we thought we knew about history was wrong? From Niall Ferguson, the global bestselling author of Empire, The Ascent of Money and Civilization, this is a whole new way of imagining the world. Most history is hierarchical: it's about popes, presidents, and prime ministers. But what if that's simply because they create the historical archives?
What if we are missing equally powerful but less visible networks - leaving them to the conspiracy theorists, with their dreams of all-powerful Illuminati? The twenty-first century has been hailed as the Networked Age.
From the printers and preachers who made the Reformation to the freemasons who led the American Revolution, it was the networkers who disrupted the old order of popes and kings. Far from being novel, our era is the Second Networked Age, with the computer in the role of the printing press. Once we understand this, both the past, and the future, start to look very different indeed. In pages you will have restocked your mind. Do it' Wall Street Journal. This book explores the new administrative implications of local governments as they are interconnected with other governments and nongovernmental organizations in governance systems.
The focus is on local system building, local politics, knowledge management, networks, interoperability, new forms of organization, and global influences. In light of new global challenges for international cooperation and coordination, such as the revival of protectionism, surge of populism, or energy-related issues, this volume highlights possible scenarios for the future of Global Economic Governance GEG.
The contributing authors analyze the substance of GEG as a normative framework for resolving collective action issues and promoting cross-border co-ordination and co-operation in the provision or exchange of goods, money, services and technical expertise in the world economy. Furthermore, the book examines drivers of fundamental shifts in global economic steering and covers topics such as power and authority shifts in the global governance architecture, technological and energy-related challenges, and the role of the G20 and BRICS in shaping global economic governance.
From the acclaimed author of Unfinished Business, a story of crisis and change that can help us find renewed honesty and purpose in our personal and political lives Like much of the world, America is deeply divided over identity, equality, and history.
She connects her experience to our national crisis of identity and values as the country looks into a four-hundred-year-old mirror and tries to confront and accept its full reflection.
The promise of the Declaration of Independence has been hollow for so many for so long. That reckoning is the necessary first step toward renewal. The lessons here are not just for America.
Slaughter shows how renewal is possible for anyone who is willing to see themselves with new eyes and embrace radical honesty, risk, resilience, interdependence, grace, and vision. Part personal journey, part manifesto, Renewal offers hope tempered by honesty and is essential reading for citizens, leaders, and the change makers of tomorrow.
The Western liberal democratic world order, which seemingly triumphed following the collapse of communism, is looking increasingly fragile as populists and nationalists take power in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, as the momentum of democratization in developing countries stalls, and as Western liberal establishments fail to deal with economic stagnation, worsening political polarization, social inequality, and migrant crises.
At the same time there is a shift of economic power from the West towards Asia. This book explores these critical developments and their consequences for the world order.
This book examines the relationship between terrorism and counterterrorism and how it operates within the broader context of communication, control, power, and democratic governance at the national, international, and transnational level.
A culmination of decades of research on the challenges that liberal democracies face in dealing with terrorism, this work provides an innovative framework that maps out the broader context in which terrorism and counterterrorism interact and co-evolve — the terrorism—counterterrorism nexus.
In a series of models moving from local to global perspectives, the framework places this nexus within the broader context of social, cultural, political, and economic life. This framework provides a tool for maintaining situational awareness in a multi-tiered, networked world where geography and history are splintering into a rainbow of perspectives and locales, revealing the contested nature of space and time themselves.
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